Table 1: Vitamin C Forms Comparison

Why Ethyl Ascorbic Acid Wins: Best balance of stability, penetration, gentleness, and proven efficacy.

Table 2: Clair Vitamin C Serum vs. Competitors

Table 3: Active Ingredients Breakdown

MORNING (Essential):

1. Cleanse - Wash face with gentle cleanser
2. Tone - Apply toner if using (optional)
3. Apply Serum - Dispense 3-4 drops onto fingertips
4. Press & Pat - Gently press into face and neck
5. Wait - Allow 1-2 minutes to fully absorb
6. Moisturize - Follow with your regular moisturizer
7. SPF - ALWAYS apply sunscreen (Vitamin C enhances sun protection)

EVENING (Optional but Recommended):

1. Double Cleanse - Remove makeup and cleanse thoroughly
2. Apply Serum - Use 3-4 drops on clean, dry skin
3. Wait - Let absorb for 1-2 minutes
4. Layer - Apply other treatments if using
5. Moisturize - Seal with night cream

Application Tips

✓ Start Slowly: If new to Vitamin C, begin with once daily (morning), then increase to twice daily

✓ Apply to Damp Skin: For enhanced absorption, apply to slightly damp skin

✓ Use Consistently: Daily use is key for maximum brightening results

✓ Don't Skip SPF: Vitamin C makes skin more photosensitive - sunscreen is non-negotiable

✓ Store Properly: Keep in cool, dark place (refrigeration optional but extends shelf life)

Week 1-2: The Glow Phase

✨ Immediately brighter, more radiant complexion ✨ Smoother skin texture ✨ Enhanced hydration ✨ Reduced dullness ✨ Fresh, healthy appearance

Week 3-4: The Transformation Begins

🌟 Dark spots start fading 🌟 More even skin tone 🌟 Improved skin clarity 🌟 Reduced redness 🌟 Firmer-feeling skin

Week 5-8: Visible Improvement

💫 Significant reduction in hyperpigmentation 💫 Noticeably brighter complexion 💫 Smoother fine lines 💫 Improved skin texture 💫 Enhanced radiance

Week 8+: Complete Transformation

⭐ Dramatic fading of dark spots ⭐ Even, luminous skin tone ⭐ Youthful, firm appearance ⭐ Healthy, resilient skin ⭐ Long-lasting results

The Science of Radiance: Clair Vitamin C Face Serum

Not all Vitamin C serums are created equal. We've formulated with the most stable, effective form and surrounded it with synergistic ingredients for maximum results.

The Vitamin C Question: Why Ethyl Ascorbic Acid?

Vitamin C Forms Compared:

L-Ascorbic Acid (Traditional):

1. ❌ Highly unstable, oxidizes rapidly
2. ❌ Requires very low pH (2.5-3.5) = irritating
3. ❌ Water-soluble only (limited penetration)
4. ✅ Most researched, proven effective
5. Problem: Great science, poor stability

Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate:

1. ✅ Stable, gentle
2. ❌ Lower efficacy than L-AA
3. ❌ Requires conversion in skin
4. ❌ Limited penetration

Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate:

1. ✅ Very stable, very gentle
2. ❌ Poor skin penetration
3. ❌ Lower efficacy
4. ❌ Best for acne, not brightening

Ethyl Ascorbic Acid (Our Choice):

1. ✅ Highly stable (won't oxidize)
2. ✅ Water AND lipid soluble (deep penetration)
3. ✅ Works at pH 5.5-6.0 (gentle, skin-friendly)
4. ✅ Direct action (no conversion needed)
5. ✅ 86% absorption vs 14% for L-AA
6. ✅ Clinically proven brightening and anti-aging
7. ✅ Gentle enough for sensitive skin

Why 8% Concentration:

1. Clinical studies show efficacy at 5-10%
2. 8% provides optimal results without irritation
3. Higher percentages don't significantly increase benefits
4. Sweet spot for safety and efficacy
5. Suitable for beginners and experienced users

Brightening Mechanism:

How Vitamin C Brightens:

1. Inhibits Tyrosinase → Enzyme responsible for melanin production
2. Reduces Melanin Transfer → Less pigment reaches skin surface
3. Antioxidant Action → Neutralizes free radicals that trigger pigmentation
4. Even Distribution → Breaks up existing melanin clusters

Anti-Aging Mechanism:

Collagen Synthesis:

1. Vitamin C is essential co-factor for collagen production
2. Stimulates fibroblasts (collagen-producing cells)
3. Stabilizes collagen structure
4. Results: Firmer, plumper, younger-looking skin

Free Radical Defense:

1. UV exposure generates free radicals → damage DNA, proteins, lipids
2. Vitamin C neutralizes these before damage occurs
3. Prevents photoaging (wrinkles, sagging, spots)
4. Works synergistically with SPF (wear both!)

Hydration & Soothing System:

Hyaluronic Acid (Sodium Hyaluronate) 2%:

1. Low molecular weight (<10 kDa) for deep penetration
2. Binds water in multiple skin layers
3. Creates optimal environment for Vitamin C activity
4. Plumps skin, reducing fine lines
5. Improves overall texture and radiance
6. Prevents potential Vitamin C dryness

Aloe Vera Extract 5%:

1. 75+ active compounds including:
2. Vitamins: A, C, E, B12, Folic Acid
3. Minerals: Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc
4. Enzymes: Anti-inflammatory, digestive
5. Amino Acids: Building blocks for repair
6. Anti-inflammatory: Soothes any potential irritation
7. Wound healing: Accelerates skin repair
8. Antimicrobial: Protects against bacteria
9. Moisturizing: Hydrates without grease
10. Synergy: Enhances Vitamin C tolerance

Barrier Support & Healing:

Centella Asiatica Extract:

1. Triterpenoids (madecassoside, asiaticoside) support:
2. Collagen synthesis (synergy with Vitamin C)
3. Wound healing (repairs damage from pigmentation causes)
4. Anti-inflammatory (reduces redness)
5. Barrier strengthening (prevents sensitivity)
6. Enhances overall serum gentleness
7. Supports skin health during active treatment

Delivery & Texture Optimization:

Propanediol:

1. Natural, corn-derived humectant
2. Enhances penetration of Vitamin C and HA
3. Provides additional hydration
4. Improves texture and feel
5. Non-comedogenic, non-irritating
6. Sustainable, eco-friendly ingredient

Acacia Senegal Gum & Xanthan Gum:

1. Natural thickeners from plant sources
2. Create ideal serum viscosity
3. Ensure even distribution of actives
4. Film-forming properties lock in benefits
5. Stable, non-irritating

Stability & Preservation:

Disodium EDTA:

1. Chelating agent that binds metal ions
2. Prevents oxidation of Vitamin C
3. Enhances formula stability
4. Ensures consistent potency

Phenoxyethanol & Ethylhexylglycerin:

1. Safe, globally approved preservation
2. Maintains product safety and efficacy
3. No parabens or harsh preservatives
4. Gentle, non-irritating

pH Optimization:

1. pH 5.5-6.0 is crucial for this formula
2. Ethyl Ascorbic Acid works optimally at this pH
3. Matches skin's natural pH (gentle, non-irritating)
4. Allows daytime use without sensitization
5. Compatible with other skincare products

Sensory Experience:

Natural Botanical Fragrance (Orange Blossom/Neroli):

1. Uplifting citrus aroma
2. Natural, not synthetic
3. No irritating essential oils
4. Aromatherapeutic benefits
5. Luxurious sensory experience

Q: What is Ethyl Ascorbic Acid and how is it different from regular Vitamin C?

A: Ethyl Ascorbic Acid is a stable derivative of Vitamin C (L-Ascorbic Acid). Key differences:

1. Stability: Won't oxidize like L-AA (stays clear, not brown)
2. pH Flexibility: Works at pH 5.5-6.0 (L-AA needs 2.5-3.5 = irritating)
3. Solubility: Both water AND lipid soluble (L-AA is water-only) = better penetration
4. Absorption: 86% vs 14% for L-AA
5. Gentleness: Much less irritating, suitable for sensitive skin
6. Efficacy: Clinically proven equivalent brightening and anti-aging

Q: Is 8% Vitamin C strong enough to work?

A: Yes! Clinical studies show efficacy at 5-10% for Ethyl Ascorbic Acid. 8% is the sweet spot: strong enough for visible results, gentle enough for daily use. Higher percentages don't significantly increase benefits but may increase irritation. 8% provides optimal results safely.

Q: Will this serum oxidize and turn brown?

A: No! This is THE key advantage of Ethyl Ascorbic Acid. L-Ascorbic Acid oxidizes rapidly (brown/orange = ineffective). Ethyl Ascorbic Acid remains stable and clear throughout its shelf life. Every application is as potent as the first. No wasted money on oxidized product.

Q: How long until I see results?

A: Timeline varies by concern:

1. Immediate glow: First use
2. Brighter complexion: 2-3 weeks
3. Dark spots fading: 4-6 weeks
4. Significant improvement: 8-12 weeks Consistency is key—use daily for minimum 8 weeks.

Q: Can Vitamin C fade dark spots and hyperpigmentation?

A: Yes, it's one of Vitamin C's primary benefits! It works by: inhibiting tyrosinase (enzyme that creates melanin), reducing melanin transfer to skin surface, breaking up existing melanin clusters, and preventing new pigmentation. Expect 50-70% improvement in dark spots with 8-12 weeks consistent use.

Q: Does Vitamin C help with anti-aging?

A: Absolutely! Vitamin C: stimulates collagen production (firmer skin), neutralizes free radicals (prevents damage), protects against photoaging, improves skin texture and elasticity, and reduces fine lines appearance. It's both preventive and corrective for aging.

Q: Can I use Vitamin C if I have sensitive skin?

A: Yes! Unlike harsh L-Ascorbic Acid formulas, our Ethyl Ascorbic Acid at pH 5.5-6.0 is gentle. Plus, 5% Aloe Vera and Centella soothe and protect. Start with once daily, increase as tolerated. If very sensitive, patch test first.

Q: Will this irritate or sting my skin?

A: It shouldn't. L-Ascorbic Acid serums (pH 2.5-3.5) often sting. Our pH 5.5-6.0 formula with soothing ingredients (Aloe, Centella, HA) is designed for comfort. If you experience stinging, your skin may be very sensitive—use every other day initially.

About Usage & Application

Q: When should I use Vitamin C—morning or night?

A: Morning is ideal for most people. Vitamin C provides antioxidant protection against daytime environmental damage (UV, pollution). Plus, it works synergistically with sunscreen for enhanced protection. However, evening use is also beneficial if morning routine is too full.

Q: How do I incorporate this into my routine?

A: AM Routine: Cleanser → Toner (optional) → Vitamin C Serum → Moisturizer → SPF 50+ (MUST!)

PM Alternative: Cleanser → Toner → Vitamin C Serum → Other treatments → Moisturizer

Apply to clean, dry skin. 2-3 drops for entire face and neck.

Q: How much product should I use?

A: 2-3 drops (about half a dropper) for entire face and neck. A little goes a long way with this concentrated formula. 30ml bottle lasts approximately 3-4 months with daily use.

Q: Can I use this with retinol?

A: Yes! Best practice: Vitamin C in AM, Retinol in PM. This separates the actives, reducing irritation risk while maximizing benefits. If you prefer using them together, apply Vitamin C first, wait 10-15 minutes, then retinol. Start slowly if new to both.

Q: Can I use this with niacinamide?

A: Yes! The old myth about Vitamin C and niacinamide conflict has been debunked. They work well together. Our pH (5.5-6.0) is perfect for both. You can layer them or use in different routines (Vitamin C AM, niacinamide PM).

Q: Can I use this with AHA/BHA acids?

A: Yes, with caution. Best approach: Use acids PM, Vitamin C AM. If using in same routine, apply acid first (lower pH), wait 10-15 minutes, then Vitamin C. Watch for over-exfoliation or irritation. Start slowly.

Q: Do I still need sunscreen if I use Vitamin C?

A: YES, ABSOLUTELY! Vitamin C enhances sun protection but doesn't replace it. Always use SPF 50+ broad-spectrum in morning. Vitamin C + SPF together provide superior protection vs either alone. Non-negotiable for preventing dark spots and aging.

Q: Can I apply makeup over this?

A: Yes! Allow 1-2 minutes for complete absorption, then apply moisturizer and SPF. Once those absorb, proceed with makeup. The lightweight formula won't pill or interfere with makeup application.

Q: Should I refrigerate this serum?

A: Not necessary, though some users enjoy the cooling sensation. Unlike L-Ascorbic Acid (which benefits from refrigeration), Ethyl Ascorbic Acid is stable at room temperature. Store in cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.

Compatibility & Concerns

Q: Can I use this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?

A: Vitamin C (including Ethyl Ascorbic Acid) is generally considered safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. However, always consult your healthcare provider before starting new skincare products during pregnancy or nursing.

Q: Will this work on melasma?

A: Vitamin C can help lighten melasma by inhibiting melanin production and providing antioxidant protection. However, melasma is complex and often requires comprehensive treatment (prescription ingredients, professional treatments, strict SPF). Use this as part of melasma management, not sole treatment. Consult dermatologist.

Q: Can teenagers use this?

A: Yes! Vitamin C is safe and beneficial for teen skin dealing with post-acne marks, dullness, or just establishing good preventive habits. The gentle formula is appropriate for young skin.

Q: I have acne-prone skin. Will this cause breakouts?

A: No. The water-based, non-comedogenic formula won't clog pores. In fact, Vitamin C's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties can help with acne and post-acne marks. The lightweight texture is ideal for oily, acne-prone skin.